In the field of cell culture, BSA plays a pivotal role in serum-free media, serving as a carrier for growth factors, hormones, and lipids, while also maintaining cellular osmotic pressure and protecting cells from mechanical damage.
In molecular biology, BSA enhances the stability of Taq polymerase in PCR reactions; furthermore, in DNA restriction digests, it prevents restriction endonucleases from adsorbing to tube walls or undergoing denaturation.
In immunoassays, BSA is widely utilized as a blocking agent in Western blots, ELISAs, and immunohistochemistry to prevent the non-specific binding of antibodies.
In the diagnostic sector, it functions as a stabilizer for enzyme conjugates, a matrix for calibrators, and a key component in immunoassay kits.
Additionally, in the cosmetics industry, BSA is employed as a humectant and stabilizer; in the food industry, it serves as a foaming agent, emulsifier, and nutritional fortifier.